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Different names are used by authors and designers in various countries to describe structures that employ hydraulic action of jet trajectory to accomplish energy dissipation; ski jump bucket, flip bucket, trajectory bucket, free jet spillways, and free over-falls.
Mason (1982) defines ski jumps as jets issuing from the lower part of the main body of a dam and flip buckets as structures situated at the end of spillway chutes away from the main body of the dam, widely used in conjunc-
However, in the opinion of the author, the term trajectory bucket covers all these structures, which could be further classified as ski jump buckets, flip buckets, and free jet spillways.
Flip buckets are based at the foot of the spillway or at the exit of a tunnel, at or near the riverbed as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Flip buckets.
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